The enlistment ceremony earlier in September at a military center near Los Angeles International Airport took less than five minutes. With that, Abhinab became the 101st person in Los Angeles to join the U.S. Army under a program that significantly increases the number of immigrants eligible to serve.
"I think I'm in seventh heaven," Abhinab said.
The Army requested that the new American's full name not be published because it might put him or his family members who live outside the U.S. at risk.
Until recently, Abhinab, with a master's degree from Purdue University in Indiana, would not have been permitted to sign up. He came to the U.S. on a student visa, and only citizens or permanent residents who carry green cards were eligible to join the armed forces.
That changed in February 2009 when the Army started taking applications from foreigners with specific language and medical skills who are here on temporary visas or as refugees or asylum seekers.
Although all military branches are meeting or exceeding their recruitment goals, they have struggled to find individuals with critical skills needed in Iraq, Afghanistan and beyond, officials said.
In exchange for military service, the foreign recruits - who offer skills it would take years to teach - get an expedited path to citizenship.
Since the pilot program began in New York, expanding to Los Angeles in May, the foreign recruits have included 34 health care professionals and 385 people who speak languages such as Arabic, Polish and Swahili.
More than 69 percent of them have at least a bachelor's degree, compared with just under 10 percent for the Army as a whole.
"These are really accomplished individuals," said Naomi Verdugo, the Army's assistant deputy for recruiting.
More than 200 slots remain for recruits with language skills in the program, as well as more than 260 for health care professionals.
On Aug. 31, Army recruiters in Atlanta, Chicago and Dallas also began taking applications from qualified foreigners proficient in any of 35 languages. Spanish is not on the list. Health care workers can apply at any Army recruiting station in the U.S. An additional 110 slots are earmarked for other military branches.
The Navy, which is taking applications only for medical posts, signed up its first recruit in August in Houston.
The pilot program has raised concerns among some war veterans and advocates for tighter immigration controls, who worry that the policy shift could pave the way for large numbers of foreigners, including ones who may not have entered the country legally, to join the armed forces. Still, Army officials say they have not encountered the resistance some had anticipated.
"People seem to recognize that these are folks who want to serve, and I think people respect service," Verdugo said.
Defense officials underscore that the program is open only to foreigners who have lived legally in the U.S. for at least two years. Under a wartime statute invoked in 2002, those who serve can apply for citizenship on the first day of active duty. But to continue the program in peacetime would require a change in existing laws.
The military has long struggled to compete with the private sector for skilled health care workers, officials say.
The Los Angeles Recruiting Battalion signed up a nurse, its first medical recruit, in August. The pilot program has attracted more than 7,200 applications for language skills, compared with about 1,500 medical applications. So far, the Army has signed up only 34 medical recruits, Verdugo said, because it takes months to verify health care credentials.
Response has been greatest among Asian communities. The Army has enlisted 112 Korean and 108 Hindi speakers. Applicants with those languages are now on a waiting list.
By expanding the pilot program, the Army hopes to reach more people through languages spoken in Iraq and Afghanistan, among other countries. Only 14 of those enlisted speak Arabic and one speaks Dari, one of Afghanistan's two official languages. None of them have tested in Afghanistan's other official language, Pashtu,Verdugo said. Abhinab tested for Urdu, an official language in Pakistan. Abhinab arrived in the U.S. three years ago and decided that he wanted to stay. He had already enrolled in a doctorate program at the University of California, Berkeley, when friends told him he could become an American citizen if he joined the Army. Abhinab didn't believe them at first, but headed to the nearest recruiter.
"In my childhood, I always used to love 'GI Joe,'" Abhinab said. "The U.S. Army is the most technologically advanced in the world, so being part of it is really exciting."
His parents in India, however, worry that he will be deployed to a combat zone.
"They were crying on the phone," said Abhinab, who leaves for boot camp in January 2010. "But I have a younger brother. I am not the only son."
The chance to become a U.S. citizen is the main draw for most applicants. The Army has immigration officials at four of its five basic training centers who can process applications in as little as 10 weeks. Eight of the recruits already have been sworn in as citizens.
The Navy, however, has received a number of inquiries from people who do not want to become Americans because it would mean giving up the citizenship of their birth, said Mass Communication Spc. Senior Chief Tom Jones, a spokesman for the Navy Recruiting Command in Millington, Tenn. These individuals do not qualify to enlist.
The pilot program will run until Dec. 31 or until all 1,000 slots are filled. But Army recruiters say they hope it will be extended.
"Bottom line, we have certain skills that we need," said Lt. Col. Somport Jongwatana, commander of the Army's Los Angeles Recruiting Battalion. "We are at war."
